Cycle life for NiMH is typically , life cycles. Some manufacturers claim a shelf life of up to five years, but our experiences put them at three years. Because of their varied chemical compounds, they perform differently.
When safety became a concern in the industry, many manufacturers switched to lithium iron phosphate. This increased safety, cycle life, and shelf life, but reduced capacity.
Many manufacturers tailor their chemical compounds based on device use. For this article, I will focus on consumer electronics and generalize a bit. With the rare exception of lithium rechargeable batteries with carbon anodes over 10, life cycles , most consumer based batteries offer life cycles of , life cycles, based on our experience. The shelf life of lithium rechargeable batteries varies based on chemical compounds and uses. A bare cell no circuitry protection can easily last four years.
However, most battery packs have multiple cells that have circuitry protection. That causes a slow discharge. Once the pack loses power, so does the IC, which can render the battery pack useless. From our experience, a cellphone, laptop, and tablet battery will usually have a shelf life at most two years. There are many different types of lead acid batteries. Meet nickel metal hydride. The life cycle for NiMH batteries is approximately , charges. As a result, they have a shelf life of years.
There are many kinds of rechargeable batteries on the market today. These include:. Because of differing chemistries, lithium rechargeable batteries perform differently. You might find that many manufacturers choose battery chemistry based on how the device is used. For most consumer electronics, lithium batteries last , life cycles. Lithium batteries have varying shelf lives. Battery shelf life for a lithium battery can be between 2 and 4 years.
There are also many types of lead acid batteries. Acid batteries include pure lead acid, sealed lead acid and advanced glass mat AGM batteries.
You might find that a security system runs off a lead acid battery. UPS uninterrupted power supply batteries are often lead acid. For the most part, lead acid batteries have a shelf life of 6 months. Pure lead-acid batteries have a shelf life of 8 years.
Most lead acid batteries have a life of charging cycles. There are a few things to keep in mind when handling batteries. Some batteries, like primary and alkaline batteries, require minimal precautions.
Others, like spillable acid and lithium ion batteries require extra care. When handling batteries, it is important that you use proper packaging. Battery terminals also need to be protected. The inside components should also be protected from metal objects like tools. Following these guidelines when storing batteries in your warehouse or fulfillment center can help keep batteries safe and secure. Fulfillment warehouses that store and ship batteries need to be careful.
You know that batteries have a finite shelf life and can only be in the warehouse for so long. This will help keep things moving smoothly and ensure batteries have a maximum shelf life when they reach consumers. There are a few protocols to follow when storing batteries in a warehouse.
A climate controlled environment is a must when warehousing batteries. Heat and high temperatures can cause damage to batteries.
Here are a few of the common battery types and how they should be warehoused:. Storing batteries at home is a little different than storing them in a warehouse or distribution center. We recommend PremiumGold NiCad replacement power tool batteries. Another unique feature of NiCad batteries lies in the way they charge. Unlike a lead-acid battery which can take large variations in amperage and voltage while charging, the NiCad batteries require steady amperage and only very slight variations in voltage.
The charge rate for a NiCad is right between 1. If you notice the battery heating up while it is charging, cool it down, and then complete the charge. The chemical reaction in a NiCad while charging is heat absorbing, instead of heat producing, so higher power absorption is possible while charging, allowing for the quick recharge times. When storing NiCad batteries, be sure to pick a cool, dry place. When preparing to store NiCad batteries, be sure to discharge the batteries fairly deeply.
It is recommended not to store NiCads for an extended amount of time without occasionally using the batteries. Over long periods of storage the cadmium in the NiCad can form dendrites thin, conductive crystals , which can bridge the gap between contacts and short out the cell. Once this happens, there is really nothing that can be done to fix it long term.
The best way to prevent this from happening is frequent use. The idea of a charge memory came when they started using NiCad batteries in satellites where they were typically charging for twelve hours out of twenty-four for several years. For the typical consumer this does not have a large effect, however, we do recommend fully discharging the NiCad you are using before recharging.
An effect with similar symptoms to the memory effect is what is called the voltage depression or lazy battery effect. This is caused by frequent overcharging of the NiCad.
You can tell this is happening when the battery appears to be fully charged but discharges quickly after only a brief period use. Occasionally this can be fixed by running the battery through a few very deep discharge cycles, but doing so can reduce the overall life of the battery.
NiCad batteries are the only battery chemistry that benefit from completely discharging before recharging. Never burn NiCads, and never throw them in the trash or break them open. As long as NiCads are kept sealed, and never short circuited or severely over charged, NiCad batteries are perfectly safe to use, and do not vent toxic material. If a NiCad battery is treated well, it should last to the cycle mark.
Despite the aforementioned variables, most of our manufactures claim that users should expect to get over 1, charge cycles out of any given battery. Now, some of that depends on how a manufacturer defines what a charging cycle is. Typically, one charging cycle equals running a battery down and charging it up again. However, most batteries count one full charging cycle every time you throw your battery on the charger.
That occurs regardless of how much charge the battery actually needed. Then, the charger regulates the optimal current, voltage, and temperature to recharge the battery. This process extends the life of the battery. It also extends the amount of charging cycles the battery can go through. As far as how many charging cycles to expect, most manufacturers seem to fall into the to charge cycles camp. We know, NiCad batteries have been long gone for over a decade now. Because Li-ion has a superior energy density, a comparable NiCad battery will be larger and heavier.
So what about shelf life? Both varieties of the battery will self-discharge in storage. Li-ion batteries self-discharge much more slowly. Almost imperceptibly, in fact. The rate at which this discharge occurs largely revolves around the quality of the pack design. Li-ion batteries also have a lot more technology at work than NiCad batteries ever did.
Really, the comparison seems a little unfair and dated. Many manufacturers employ overload, over-discharge, and overheating protection for their Li-ion batteries. All of these technologies protect the battery. They also extend the expected life cycle. So, while some may claim that NiCad batteries were also expected to last through charging cycles—you had to charge those packs many more times during their use. So, how long do Lithium-ion batteries last?
To sum it all up, the bare minimum that most manufacturers expect from their batteries is around 3 years or 1, charging cycles whichever is less. You'll find Chris behind the scenes of almost everything Pro Tool Reviews produces. When he doesn't have his hands on tools himself, he's often the man behind the camera lens making the rest of the team look good.
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