Monterey Herald. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Tourists flock to Baja California—separated from the rest of Mexico by the Sea of Cortez—to visit its stunning shoreline and test their mettle at sport fishing. The international port of Ensenada, located on Since Baja California Sur occupies the southern end of a peninsula, overland travel to the rest of Mexico is The California Gold Rush was sparked by the discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early and was arguably one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century.
As news spread of the discovery, thousands of The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas.
Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its The area developed into a popular pilgrimage site and commercial district, although it was abandoned following the move of The Bible is the holy scripture of the Christian religion, purporting to tell the history of the Earth from its earliest creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.
Both the Old Testament and the New Testament have undergone changes over the centuries, An early convert to Mormonism, Brigham Young succeeded founder Joseph Smith as the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in ; he led the church until his death in After guiding an exodus of thousands of Mormons westward to the Great Salt Lake In , L.
Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. San Diego Mission The native Indians who occupied the region were initially resistant to the mission. Perhaps Serra preferred the Monterey peninsula because the natives of the area, the Rumsen, were a gentle, unwarlike people.
While the highly diverse collection of tribes along the Alta California coast had formed no military alliances to resist the Spanish conquest, individual tribes periodically attacked the Franciscan missions.
Their interest in the gifts the padres offered them—especially cloth, which they lacked—often gave way to resentment as the padres pressured them to convert to Catholicism and settle at the missions. Natives who did convert were put to work building structures and farming the land.
The Franciscans struggled to keep them working. Around Monterey, the Rumsen practiced a skilled version of hunting and gathering, using pruning and periodic small brush fires to increase fruit yielded by the native plants. To them, European farming practices seemed onerous and unnecessary. Meanwhile, the Spanish friars faced several seasons of crop failures as they learned how to farm in estuarial areas prone to flooding by saltwater. Hence San Carlos, and the other missions in Alta California, initially relied heavily on supplies sent from Mexico.
Natives deserted when the food ran low. Like many Spanish missionaries in Mexico and the American Southwest who preceded him, Serra expected the natives to participate in daily catechism and used corporal punishment to enforce rules. He sent soldiers to round up native converts who fled the missions, ordering severe floggings when escapees were returned.
Unfortunately, the relationship with the replacement military governor, Fernando Rivera y Moncada, was not a great improvement. In , Father Serra was given permission to administer the sacrament of Confirmation for the faithful in California. After he had exercised his privilege for a year, Governor Felipe de Neve, asserting his authority, directed him to suspend administering the sacrament until he could get approval from Rome.
For nearly 2 years Fr. Serra had to refrain until the Viceroy proclaimed that he was within his rights. Governor de Neve prevented Fr. Serra from establishing any new missions during his 5 year governorship. Father Serra wielded significant political power and was involved in numerous political conflicts because his missions served economic and political purposes as well as religious ends.
Father Serra personally oversaw the planning, construction, and staffing of each mission from headquarters at Carmel. He travelled on foot to the other missions along the California coast to supervise mission work and to confer the sacrament of Confirmation. It is estimated that Serra travelled more than 6, miles in the Alta California missions. The missions established by Fr. He was also present at the founding of the presidio of Santa Barbara On August 28, , Serra died at the age of 70 at Mission San Carlos, the one of missions he founded.
He was buried in the floor there. According to the Franciscan Friars, Province of Saint Barbara's website, Serra's first nine missions were home to more than 4, converted Native Americans and more than 6, Native Americans had been baptized through the missions by the end of After his death, Serra was remembered for his dedication to his faith and for bringing Catholicism to California. Beginning in the s, a movement began to have him canonized.
This service marked the country's first canonization. Pope Francis told the thousands who attended the mass that Serra "sought to defend the dignity of the native community, to protect it from those who had mistreated and abused it.
Mistreatment and wrongs which today still trouble us, especially because of the hurt which they cause in the lives of many people. Not everyone was pleased with the pope's decision to grant Serra sainthood, however. Some objected to some to the forceful methods he used in trying to convert the Native Americans to the Catholic faith. His decision to employ corporal punishment on those who committed offenses also broke with traditional Franciscan practices.
We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. The patron saint of missionaries and one of the founders of the Jesuit order, Saint Francis Xavier sought religious converts throughout Asia during the s.
0コメント